Constitutional Framework

Articles 256–263 govern administrative relations, ensuring that laws made by Parliament are effectively implemented by States.

1. Distribution of Executive Powers

• Union executes laws on Union List subjects
• States execute laws on State List subjects
• Concurrent List laws are generally executed by States unless specified otherwise

2. Obligations of States and Centre

States must:

• Comply with Parliamentary laws
• Not obstruct Union executive authority

Failure can invite President’s Rule under Article 356, reinforced by Article 365.

3. Centre’s Directions to States

Union can issue directions regarding:

• National communication infrastructure
• Railways protection
• Minority language education
• Tribal welfare schemes

4. Inter-Governmental Cooperation

• Inter-State Council (Article 263)
• River water dispute adjudication
• Full faith and credit clause

5. All-India Services

IAS, IPS, and IFS act as a linking administrative mechanism, ensuring uniform governance standards while facilitating Centre–State coordination.

6. Emergency Impact

During emergencies, especially National and Financial Emergencies, States come under enhanced central control.

Conclusion

Administrative relations convert constitutional theory into practical governance, ensuring coordination without dismantling state administration.

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Discuss the evolution of Centre-State relations in India since independence. How have constitutional provisions and judicial interpretations influenced these relations? (MPPSC)

What are the constitutional provisions and mechanisms that promote cooperation between the Centre and States? Evaluate with examples.

Discuss the constitutional and extra-constitutional provisions for resolving conflicts in Centre-State administrative relations.